The long term-goal of our group aims to explore novel morphogenesis in culture system of a variety of higher plants, and try to understand the control process of these morphogenesis. We continue to study the morphogenesis in ginseng (Panax ginseng) tissue culture. Plantlets derived from embryoids flowered precociously and set miniature fruits. Cultures of these in vitro formed miniature fruits on a defined medium produced mass of fruit-like structures without callus proliferation. These fruit-like structures turned red as culture aged. Miniature flowers protruded from these proliferated fruit masses. Causal factors on these fruit proliferation and in vitro flowering are being studied. Prolonged culturing of embryoids derived protoplasts proliferated to form callus and produced embryoids. In vitro precocious flowering and fruiting of these protoplast-derived plantlets were also achieved in defined condition. These morphogenesis systems are being used to explore the control process on reducing juvenility, precocious flowering, and fruiting in vitro.
We have included bamboo as second plant group for our studies on plant juvenility and precocious flowering. Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenese from tissues of inflorescence and vegetative organs have been achieved in three bamboo species. Precocious flowering of somatic embryos and regenerated plantlets have been demonstrated. Large numbers of flowers proliferated from cultured flowers. A novel spiklet proliferation (spliklet-produced spikletes) process was demonstrated in the bamboo flower culture. We are interested in studying the control process of these reducing juvenility process, and also attempt to introduce foreign disease resistance genes to the regenerated bamboo through transformation.
In vitro morphogenesis and efficient micropagation protocols of several terrestrial orchids have been studied. These orchids are usually derived from dividing potted plants or seeds. Propagation of this genus, either by seed or by in vitro culture, is still considered difficult. We obtained three kinds of morphogenesis from callus cultures of Cymbidium ensifolium var misericors: rhizomes, shoot buds and granular embryoids. Healthy plantlets were obtained following regeneration via callus-derived rhizomes and granular embryoid-like structures. Similar morphogenesis was also found in Paphiopedilum, Oncidium, and Phalaenopsis. Practical protocols for mass propagation of these orchids have been developed. Mass spsupension cultures of these orchids and plant regeneration from these cells are currently attempted.
Our recent finding also includes regeneration protocols of betenuts (Areca catechu) via somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryo and shoot tip derived calli.
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Chen, L. R., Chen, J. T., and Chang, W. C. 2002. Efficient production of protocorm-like bodies and plant regeneration from flower stalk explants of the sympodial orchid Epidendrum radicans. In vitro/Plant 38: 441-445.
Chang, C., and Chang, W. C. 2003. Cytokinins promotion of flowering in Cymbidium ensifolium var. misericors in vitro. Plant Growth Regul. 39: 217-221.
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Wang, H. C., Chen, J. T., Wu, S. P., Lin, M. C., and Chang, W. C. 2003a. Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryo-derived callus of Areca catechu L. (Arecaceae). In Vitro/Plant. 39: 34-36.
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Chen, J. T., and Chang, W. C. 2004. Induction of repetitive embryogenesis from seed-derived protocorms of Phalaenopsis amabilis var. formosa Shimadzu. In Vitro/Plant. 40: 290-293.
Lin, C. S., Vidmar, J., and Chang, W. C. 2004. Effects of growth regulators on inflorescence proliferation of Bambusa edulis.Plant Growth Regul. 43: 221-225.
Chen, J. T., and Chang, W. C. 2004. TIBA affects the induction of direct somatic embryogenesis of Oncidium leaf explants. Plant Cell Tiss. & Org. Cult. 79: 315-320.
Chang, C., Chen, Y. C., Hsu, Y. H., Wu, J. T. , Hu, C. C., Chang, W. C., and Lin, N. S. 2005. Transgenic resistance to Cymbidium Mosaic Virus in Dendrobium with the capsid protein gene. Transgenic Research 14: 41-46.
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Kuo, H. L., Chen, J. T., and Chang, W. C. 2005. Efficient plant regeneration through direct somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of Phalaenopsis 'Little Steve'. In Vitro-Plant 41: 453-456.
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Su, Y. J., Chen, J. T. and Chang, W. C. 2006.Efficient and repetitive production of leaf-derived somatic embryos of Oncidium. Biol. Plant. 50: 107-110.
Chen, J. T. and Chang, W. C. 2006. Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf explants of Phalaenopsis amabilis. Biol. Plant. 50: 169-173.
Wang, H. C., J. T. Chen and Chang, W. C. 2006. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf, root and stem- derived callus of Areca catechu..Biol. Plant. 50: 279-282.
Lin, C. S., H. L. Lin, H. W. Hsiao, W. N. Jane, C. C. Lin, F. Y. Jheng, W.C. Chang. 2006. Changes in the morphology and cation content of a Bambusa edulis xylem mutant, vse, derived from somaclonal variation. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 131: 445-451.
Lin, C. S., Y. H. Lai, C. W. Sun, N. T. Liu, H. S. Tsay, W.C. Chang, J. J. W. Chen. 2006. Identification of ESTs differentially expressed in green and albino mutant bamboo (Bambusa edulis) by suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) and microarray analysis. Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult. 86: 169-175.
Lin, C. S., M. C. Tseng, P. I. Hong, W.C. Chang. 2006. Albino inflorescence proliferation of Dendrocalamus latiflorus.In Vitro Cell. Develop. Plant. 42: 336-340.
Liu N.T., F.H. Wu., H.S. Tsay, W.C. Chang, C.S. Lin. 2007. Chloroplast genome aberration in micropropagation-derived albino mutants, ab1 and ab2. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 88: 147-156.
Lin C.S., C.J. Liang, H.W. Hsaio, M.J. Lin, W.C. Chang. 2007. Flowering of the green and albino regenerates obtained via somatic embryogenesis in inflorescence segments of Dendrocalamus latiflorus. New Forests 34: 177-186.
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Lin C.S., Kalpana, K., Lin, N.S. and Chang, W.C. 2007. Improving multiple shoot proliferation In BaMV-free Bambusa oldhamii Munro propagation by liquid culture. HortSci. 42:1243-1246.
Chung, H.H., Chen, J.T. and Chang, W.C. 2007. Plant regeneration through direct somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants of Dendrobium. Biologia Plantarum 51: 346-350.
Chen, J.T., Gow, W.P. Gow and Chang, W.C. 2007. Zygotic and somatic embryogenesis in Phalaenopsis. Orchid Science and Biotechnology 1: 40-43.
Hong, P.I., Chen, J.T. and Chang, W.C. 2008. Promotion of direct somatic embryogenesis of Oncidium by adjusting carbon sources. Biologia Plantarum. 52: 597-600.
Gow, W.P., Chen, J.T.* and Chang, W.C. 2008. Influence of growth regulators on direct embryo formation from leaf explants of Phalaenopsis orchids. Acta Physiol Plantarum 30: 507-512.
Hong, P.I., Chen, J.T. and Chang. W.C. 2008. Plant regeneration via protocorm-like body formation and shoot multiplication from seed-derived callus of a maudiae type slipper orchid. Acta Physiol plantarum (DOI 10.1007/s11738-008-0158-2)
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