¡E Trumpery - The Atlantic Theater Company presented a world premiere of 2.5 hr stage play in New York by playwright Peter Parnell (November 14, 2007).
¡§Trumpery¡¨ is the story of a seminal moment in history: the publication of Darwin¡¦s ¡§On the Origin of Species,¡¨ in which he first presented his theory of evolution and natural selection ¡V and thereby stirred up a hornet¡¦s nest that buzzes still.
He is stunning as a old man himself, as hesitant as his stammer to publish his theory until he receives an essay from a younger colleague who has stumbled upon the same conclusions about natural selection as the means of the transmutation of species. Darwin¡¦s friends Joseph Hooker and Thomas Huxley convince him that he must forgo reticence and publish his findings or risk losing his place in history.
At least that¡¦s what Peter Parnell has Darwin say in this new play. In the play, as in real life, Darwin is moved to publish by Alfred Russel Wallace, a young man whom Parnell¡¦s Darwin dismisses as ¡§a nobody, a collector, a poor specimen hunter,¡¨ but who has independently come up with a theory just like the one Darwin has been chewing on for decades.
So in part the play hangs on scientific ¡§priority:¡¨ who will publish first? As the action begins, Wallace, as in real life, has sent Darwin a paper describing his ideas, in hopes that Darwin will help make them known. If, like many people, you know who Darwin is but not Wallace, you probably think you know how that comes out. Think again.
But a larger question is ¡§what it means to be a scientist¡¨ when confronting issues of faith. It is an idea as controversial today as it was then.
Darwin¡¦s Britain teemed with religiosity as diverse as evangelical Christian fervor and spiritualism, an idea whose adherents included Wallace and Darwin¡¦s wife, Emma Wedgwood. Darwin knew he would be called heretical for challenging the Biblical idea of God as a one-time-only creator of an immutable natural order. |
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 Emma Darwin comforts her husband, Charles |
Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in ¡§Trumpery¡¨ |
Darwin¡¦s Britain teemed with religiosity as diverse as evangelical Christian fervor and spiritualism, an idea whose adherents included Wallace and Darwin¡¦s wife, Emma Wedgwood. Darwin knew he would be called heretical for challenging the Biblical idea of God as a one-time-only creator of an immutable natural order.
At first, he finds the idea literally sickening. But, as Mr. Parnell put it, Darwin is ¡§both great enough and grandiose enough¡¨ to eventually conclude not just that he could do it, but that he ought to. And we all know how that came out.
But today as then, there are creationists who assert that people must choose between belief in Darwin¡¦s theory and belief in God. Yet Darwin did not kill God. His theory, unchallenged in science, is the foundation on which the edifice of modern biology is built. And it has plenty of adherents among religious believers.
¡§Trumpery¡¨ is not the first foray into science for Mr. Parnell, a screenwriter and dramatist who has worked on television shows like ¡§The West Wing¡¨ and who teaches television writing at the Yale School of Drama. That would be ¡§QED,¡¨ a play about Richard Feynman, the physicist and theorist of quantum electrodynamics, the modern theory of electromagnetism.
It was while working on that play that Mr. Parnell stumbled on a book, ¡§The Song of the Dodo¡¨ by David Quammen, which describes Wallace¡¦s work. The book led Mr. Parnell to more study of Darwin, Wallace and their times.
Much of the play is an argument involving Darwin, his biological allies Joseph Hooker and Thomas Henry Huxley, and their foe, Richard Owen. In fact, their debates took place in letters. But confrontation is useful for a dramatist dealing with science.
Today, although Darwin¡¦s idea is not so frightening to many, the conflict over evolution still plays on, on stage and in school boards and courtrooms around the country. Perhaps conflict is inevitable when people confront new and frightening ideas. But, as Darwin tells his dying daughter Annie, at the end of the play, it is good to challenge conventional wisdom. He adds, though, ¡§if you question everything, you have to expect to be scared.¡¨
Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin in ¡§Trumpery¡¨
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¡§Trumpery¡¨ is not Mr. Parnell¡¦s first exploration of a frightening idea either. That was ¡§And Tango Makes Three,¡¨ a children¡¦s book he wrote with his partner, Justin Richardson. The book tells the true story of Silo and Roy, two male penguins at the Central Park Zoo who courted each other and formed a relationship. When a keeper saw them trying to incubate a rock, he gave them an orphaned egg, which they cared for until it hatched as the chick Tango.
While the book received many favorable reviews, some parents and religious groups objected to it as suggesting that a family could be something other than Mom, Dad and kids.
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- posted by Wei-chin Chang 3-5-2008 |
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